Parallel to the environmental aspects, social well-being is central to the concept of sustainable development. Therefore the purpose of this chapter is to explore the social aspects of sustainable development and the importance of building a sustainable and resilient society in the face of today’s global challenges. This chapter presents the social aspects of sustainable development. It analyses the UN Sustainable Development Goals, the Sustainable Society Index and the importance of building resilient and sustainable societies. It then explores how N. N. Taleb’s concepts of black swans and antifragility can be used to build resilient and sustainable societies. The study was based on an analysis of documents and a review of literature. The study is based on document analysis and literature review. The findings of the study confirm that achieving the UN Sustainable Development Goals requires action at both micro- and macro-levels, as well as international cooperation. Societies have an important role to play in achieving the UN Sustainable Development Goals, and that sustainable and resilient societies, broadly understood in the context of M. Taleb’s concept of antifragility, may prove crucial in crisis situations.