@article {4283, title = {New generation trade agreements - an economic challenge for the European Union and its members - the example of CETA}, journal = {Przegl{\k a}d Europejski }, volume = {Tom 4}, year = {2018}, pages = {p. 141-158}, abstract = {

The so-called new-generation trade agreements, such as the CETA agreement signed by the EU and Canada, include not only the liberalization of trade in goods and the creation of a free trade area, but also many other areas, such as liberalization of the services market, including public services, mutual recognition of professional qualifications, deregulation and liberalization of financial markets, enhanced cooperation in the protection of intellectual property, and mutual investment protection. The considerations carried out in this work show that the analysis of the consequences of this type of agreements should be carried out not only at the level of the entire EU but also from the perspective of individual member states whose level of economic development and economic structures differ significantly. This is important for proper preparation for the entry into force of such an agreement, creating conditions for the full use of the opportunities arising from it and for adapting to the new market-specific situation and avoiding the greatest possible threats.

}, doi = {10.5604/01.3001.0013.3485}, url = {https://przegladeuropejski.com.pl/resources/html/article/details?id=191313\&language=en}, author = {Magdalena {\'S}liwi{\'n}ska} } @article {3954, title = {Non-profit leadership at local level: Reflections from Central and Eastern Europe}, journal = {Local Economy}, volume = {32}, year = {2017}, month = {06/2017}, pages = {297-315}, abstract = {Successful leadership in local development requires not only a vision, but good communication skills, stakeholder involvement, strategic planning and coordination and popular support via public participation. Our empirical study contributes to filling the gap in the literature about the role of non-profit leadership in urban and regional development. We study the characteristics of politicians in civil society and that of civil society{\textquoteright}s leaders in politics as a prerequisite for successful local development. For this, we draw on the survey data of 374 local politicians from four large cities in Central Europe: Prague, Bratislava, Budapest and Pozna{\'n}. The research affirms that non-profit non-governmental organisations do play an important role in local development and reveals similarities in all analysed cities, though with some variance. Local political elites are identified as engaging significantly in civil society organisations, despite low levels of general trust in these countries. About two-thirds of the local politicians who took part in the survey participate actively in civil society organisations in their respective cities but not coming from a previous non-profit non-governmental organisation employment. Not only are they active, but many of them also have positions as managers or directors, or as members of the board of directors in these organisations. Although neither membership nor leadership in non-profit non-governmental organisations appears to increase a local politician{\textquoteright}s chance of being elected, except when those are engaged in local development or environmental issues. As spatial leadership plays an important role in the construction of new agendas and identities we have also investigated the views of local politicians on decentralisation, government service provision efficiency and the importance of several local policy topics, and found some puzzling differences across our V4 cities that possibly reflect cultural differences. Non-profit leadership in urban development is a neglected topic so far in the literature, our study adds empirical results from Central and Eastern Europe, yet there is ample room for future research.}, keywords = {Central and Eastern Europe, Czech Republic, Hungary, leadership, local development, local elections, non-profit organizations, Poland, Slovakia}, issn = {1470-9325 }, doi = {10.1177/0269094217707281}, url = {http://journals.sagepub.com/doi/pdf/10.1177/0269094217707281}, author = {Oto Potluka and Judit Kalman and Ida Musia{\l}kowska and Piotr Idczak} } @article {628, title = {Nowa perspektywa dla {\'s}rodowiska }, number = {270}, year = {2014}, month = {03/2014}, pages = {10-12}, keywords = {2014-2020, ochrona {\'s}rodowiska, Polska, {\'s}rodki unijne, UE}, issn = {1232-9126}, url = {http://e-czytelnia.abrys.pl/?mod=tekst\&id=17774}, author = {Ida Musia{\l}kowska} } @article {311, title = {New approach towards research in cross-border region}, journal = {Faculty of International Business and Economics Working Papers}, volume = {09}, year = {2013}, pages = {1-15}, abstract = {

A cross-border region is a key focus of many researchers representing various academic disciplines. However, the concepts of a cross-border region illustrated in the academic literature are not such as to demonstrate clear delimitation criteria. As a consequence, it is significant to carry out an in-depth analysis of the literature on cross-border cooperation, border theory, border regions and areas as well as borderlands in order to capture the essence and definition of the cross-border region. The aim of this study is to demonstrate the cross-border region as the highest form of border regions{\textquoteright} integration and to indicate its characteristics and delimitation criteria taking into account national borders{\textquoteright} functions, typology of border regions and cross-border cooperation.

}, keywords = {border regions, border states, cross-border interaction, cross-border regions, the Polish-German borderland}, url = {http://www.ue.poznan.pl/att/DZIEK_GM/working_papers/Working_Paper_No9_2013.pdf}, author = {{\L}ukasz Wr{\'o}blewski} } no socket