01310nas a2200133   4500000000100000008004100001260006600042100001900108245005600127856005000183300001200233520091300245020001801158       2026                            d  c01/10/2026bWydawnictwo Uniwersytetu Ekonomicznego w Poznaniu1 aGrzegorz Mazur00aDefining environmental goods in international trade  uhttps://doi.org/10.18559/978-83-8211-309-9/14  a209-2213 aThe elusive category of environmental goods is traced across three decades of international trade debates. The chapter compares initiatives by APEC, OECD, WTO, UNCTAD, the World Bank, the World Customs Organization and recent bilateral or plurilateral agreements. Each initiative reflects different motivations, from analytical classification to tariff liberalisation, and different assumptions about product-based and purpose-based approaches. The discussion shows why no unified list has emerged: dual-use goods, limited precision of Harmonized System codes, technological change, greenwashing risks and divergent priorities between developed and developing countries all complicate classification. Recent agreements such as ACCTS may revive wider efforts, but the chapter stresses that any useful framework must be dynamic, transparent and sensitive to development concerns as well as environmental value.  a9788382113099