@article {4341, title = {European and Member State Policy Responses and Economic Impacts on AgriFood Markets due to the COVID-19 Pandemic}, year = {2021}, month = {March 2021}, institution = {International Agricultural Trade Research Consortium (IATRC)}, type = {Commissioned Paper No. 26}, author = {Christine Wieck and Liesbeth Dries and Victor Martinez-Gomez and Olayinka Idowu Kareem and Bettina Rudloff and Fabio Gaetano Santeramo and Magdalena {\'S}liwi{\'n}ska and Rafa{\l} {\'S}liwi{\'n}ski} } @article {4228, title = {Looking for a safe-haven in a crisis-driven Venezuela: The Caracas stock exchange vs gold, oil and bitcoin}, journal = {Transforming Government People Process and Policy }, volume = {14}, year = {2020}, month = {04/2020}, pages = {475-494}, type = {research article}, chapter = {475}, abstract = {Purpose This paper aims to find, which of the assets: gold, oil or bitcoin can be considered a safe-haven for investors in a crisis-driven Venezuela. The authors look also at the governmental change of approach towards the use and mining of cryptocurrencies being one of the assets and potential applications of bitcoin as (quasi) money. Design/methodology/approach The authors collected the daily data (a period from 01 May 2014 to 31 July 2018) on the development of the following magnitudes: Caracas Stock Exchange main index: {\'I}ndice Burs{\'a}til de Capitalisaci{\'o}n (IBC) index; gold price in US dollars, the oil price in US dollars and Bitcoin price in bolivar fuerte (VEF) (LocalBitcoins). The authors estimated a threshold VAR model between IBC and each of the possible safe-haven assets, where the trigger variable was the IBC; then the authors modelled the residuals from the TVAR model using MGARCH model with dynamic conditional correlation. Findings The results show that that gold is a better safe-haven than oil for Venezuelan investors, while bitcoin can be considered a weak safe haven. Still, bitcoin can perform (to a certain extent) money functions in a crisis-driven country. Research limitations/implications Further research after the change of local currency from VEF into bolivar soberano might be looked at on the later stage. Practical implications The authors provide evidence on which of analysed asset is the best safe-haven for the investors acting in the time of the crisis. The evidence goes in line with other authors{\textquoteright} findings, thus, the results might bring implications for investors of more universal character. Additionally, the result might be helpful for governments and/or monetary authorities while projecting institutional frameworks and conducting monetary policy. Social implications The unprecedented economic crisis in Venezuela was one of the factors that fuelled the mining and use of cryptocurrencies in the daily life of its citizens. Nowadays, the country is a leader in terms of the use of bitcoin and other cryptocurrencies in Latin America. The results show a potential application of bitcoin as a store of value or even means of payments in Venezuelan (or in other countries affected by the crisis). Originality/value The paper builds on the original data set collected by the authors and brings evidence from the models the authors constructed to verify, which asset is the best option for investors in hard times of the crisis. The authors add to the existing literature on financial assets, cryptocurrencies and behaviour of investors under different economic conditions.}, keywords = {Bitcoin, crisis, gold, oil, safe-haven, TVAR-Model, Venezuela}, issn = { 1750-6166}, doi = {10.1108/TG-01-2020-0009}, url = {https://www.emerald.com/insight/content/doi/10.1108/TG-01-2020-0009/full/html}, author = {Ida Musia{\l}kowska and Agata Kliber and Pawe{\l} Marsza{\l}ek and Katarzyna {\'S}wierczy{\'n}ska} } @article {4173, title = {Bitcoin: Safe haven, hedge or diversifier? Perception of bitcoin in the context of a country{\textquoteright}s economic situation - A stochastic volatility approach}, journal = {Physica A: Statistical Mechanics and its Applications}, volume = {524}, year = {2019}, month = {06/2019}, pages = {246-257}, chapter = {246}, abstract = {The aim of the article is to verify whether bitcoin can act as a hedge, diversifier or safe haven on various stock markets, depending on the economic situation in the countries. To diversify the sample, we include five very different countries in our study: Japan, Venezuela, China, Estonia, and Sweden. Using daily data over the period 2014{\textendash}2017, we estimate the dynamic conditional correlation model between main stock indices and bitcoin price in local currencies (Bitflyer {\textendash} in the case of the yen, Kraken {\textendash} in the case of the euro, Huobi in the case of yuan and LocalBitcoins in all the remaining cases), as well as between main stock indices and the bitcoin price in the US dollar (Bitfinex exchange). We apply the Stochastic Volatility Model with the Dynamic Conditional Correlation. We add binary variables into the dynamic correlation equation, indicating the occurrence of extreme return on the stock-exchange index in the lower 1\%, 5\% and 10\% quantile. The conclusions vary, depending whether we consider trade on the local bitcoin exchanges or in the global one. We conclude that bitcoin was treated as a safe haven asset only in the case of Venezuela and investments in bolivars. In the case of local investments in Japan and China bitcoin behaved as a diversifier. In the bitcoin-friendly economies of Sweden and Estonia it acted as a weak hedge. In the case of the USD trade, the results suggest that bitcoin is a weak hedge with respect to all of the analyzed markets. Available at: https://authors.elsevier.com/a/1Yz~h1M2-24ENN}, keywords = {Bitcoin, Cryptocurrency, Multivariate stochastic volatility, Safe haven}, doi = {https://doi.org/10.1016/j.physa.2019.04.145}, author = {Agata Kliber and Pawe{\l} Marsza{\l}ek and Ida Musia{\l}kowska and Katarzyna {\'S}wierczy{\'n}ska} } @article {3951, title = {Fundusze europejskie w finansowaniu rozwoju regionalnego i lokalnego przez samorz{\k a}d terytorialny w Polsce}, journal = {Studia BAS}, volume = {1}, year = {2017}, month = {06/2017}, pages = {107}, chapter = {87}, abstract = {European Union funds for regional and local development in Poland: The authors look at the role of EU funds in financing of the regional and local development in Poland. Local government participates in the process of designing local and regional development. In order to implement its strategies and actions, Local government units have to provide the sources of financing. EU funds, the instruments of the EU cohesion policy, are one of the biggest sources of cofinancing of development. Main areas of support and operational programmes employed by local government are discussed in this paper. The analysis covers the current multi-annual financial framework 2014{\textendash}2020. }, keywords = {finanse samorz{\k a}dowe, finansowanie rozwoju, rozw{\'o}j regionalny i lokalny, samorz{\k a}d te- rytorialny, {\'s}rodki unijne}, url = {http://orka.sejm.gov.pl/WydBAS.nsf/0/9F39879C125149C9C125813200447235/$file/4.\%20Ida\%20Musia\%C5\%82kowska\%2C\%20Marcin\%20Wi\%C5\%9Bniewski\%20Fundusze\%20europejskie\%20w\%C2\%A0finansowaniu\%20rozwoju\%20regionalnego\%20i\%C2\%A0lokalnego\%20\%20przez\%20samorz\%C4\%85d\%20}, author = {Ida Musia{\l}kowska and Marcin Wi{\'s}niewski} } @book {3968, title = {Koncepcja pi{\k e}ciostopniowej integracji region{\'o}w przygranicznych. Ocena stopnia integracji miast na pograniczu polsko-niemieckim}, year = {2017}, pages = {322}, publisher = {Difin}, organization = {Difin}, address = {Warszawa}, issn = {978-83-8085-481-9}, author = {{\L}ukasz Wr{\'o}blewski} } @inbook {3927, title = {Science-industry cooperation vs. innovativeness of Polish NUTS-2 regions}, booktitle = {Changes and Challenges in the Modern World Economy}, volume = {1}, year = {2016}, pages = {99-114}, publisher = {PUEB Press}, organization = {PUEB Press}, edition = {1}, address = {Pozna{\'n}}, issn = {978-83-7417-918-8}, author = {Dorota Czy{\.z}ewska and {\L}ukasz Wr{\'o}blewski} } @article {670, title = {Formalizacja i przenikalno{\'s}{\'c} granicy pa{\'n}stwowej a poziom rozwoju obszar{\'o}w przygranicznych na przyk{\l}adzie wojew{\'o}dztwa dolno{\'s}l{\k a}skiego i podlaskiego}, journal = {Studia Ekonomiczne i Regionalne}, volume = {7, No. 1}, year = {2014}, month = {08/2014}, pages = {5-23}, chapter = {5}, keywords = {granica zewn{\k e}trzna i wewn{\k e}trzna Unii Europejskiej, region przygraniczny, rozw{\'o}j regionalny, strefa Schengen}, author = {{\L}ukasz Wr{\'o}blewski} } @inbook {3775, title = {Po{\l}o{\.z}enie przygraniczne a poziom rozwoju region{\'o}w przygranicznych wojew{\'o}dztwa lubuskiego}, booktitle = {Wsp{\'o}{\l}praca mi{\k e}dzynarodowa a rozw{\'o}j regionalny. Cz{\k e}{\'s}{\'c} I. Uwarunkowania i formy wsp{\'o}{\l}pracy transgranicznej}, year = {2014}, publisher = {Wydawnictwo Uniwersytetu w Bia{\l}ymstoku}, organization = {Wydawnictwo Uniwersytetu w Bia{\l}ymstoku}, address = {Bia{\l}ystok}, author = {{\L}ukasz Wr{\'o}blewski} } @article {3463, title = {Transgraniczne powi{\k a}zania przedsi{\k e}biorstw z Frankfurtu nad Odr{\k a} i S{\l}ubic, G{\"o}rlitz i Zgorzelca oraz Guben i Gubina}, journal = {Rozprawy Naukowe Instytutu Geografii i Rozwoju Regionalnego Uniwersytetu Wroc{\l}awskiego}, volume = {1}, year = {2014}, pages = {97-110}, chapter = {97}, keywords = {miasta podzielone, pograniczne polsko-niemieckie, wsp{\'o}{\l}praca transgraniczna przedsi{\k e}biorstw}, author = {{\L}ukasz Wr{\'o}blewski} } @article {279, title = {Koncepcja regionu transgranicznego}, journal = {Studia Doktorant{\'o}w Uniwersytetu Ekonomicznego w Poznaniu. Gospodarka globalna. Technologia. Spo{\l}ecze{\'n}stwo.}, volume = {12}, year = {2013}, pages = {170-180}, abstract = {

Literatura przedmiotu wskazuje na r{\'o}{\.z}ne uj{\k e}cia regionu transgranicznego, tj. uj{\k e}cie historyczne, spo{\l}eczne, gospodarcze, kulturowe, etniczne oraz przestrzenne. Jednak{\.z}e wielu autor{\'o}w nie wskazuje na sp{\'o}jne kryteria pozwalaj{\k a}ce na wyodr{\k e}bnienie regionu transgranicznego, b{\k a}d{\'z} nie przedstawia ich w og{\'o}le. Jednak{\.z}e powstawanie nowych form wsp{\'o}{\l}zale{\.z}no{\'s}ci spo{\l}eczno-gospodarczych region{\'o}w przygranicznych zwraca uwag{\k e} na konieczno{\'s}{\'c} ponownej analizy prezentowanej w literaturze przedmiotu koncepcji regionu transgranicznego. Przedmiotem opracowania jest zdefiniowanie regionu transgranicznego i wskazanie jego cech w odniesieniu do funkcji granic pa{\'n}stwowych i typ{\'o}w region{\'o}w przygranicznych.

}, keywords = {granica pa{\'n}stwowa, region przygraniczny, region transgraniczny}, author = {{\L}ukasz Wr{\'o}blewski} } @article {311, title = {New approach towards research in cross-border region}, journal = {Faculty of International Business and Economics Working Papers}, volume = {09}, year = {2013}, pages = {1-15}, abstract = {

A cross-border region is a key focus of many researchers representing various academic disciplines. However, the concepts of a cross-border region illustrated in the academic literature are not such as to demonstrate clear delimitation criteria. As a consequence, it is significant to carry out an in-depth analysis of the literature on cross-border cooperation, border theory, border regions and areas as well as borderlands in order to capture the essence and definition of the cross-border region. The aim of this study is to demonstrate the cross-border region as the highest form of border regions{\textquoteright} integration and to indicate its characteristics and delimitation criteria taking into account national borders{\textquoteright} functions, typology of border regions and cross-border cooperation.

}, keywords = {border regions, border states, cross-border interaction, cross-border regions, the Polish-German borderland}, url = {http://www.ue.poznan.pl/att/DZIEK_GM/working_papers/Working_Paper_No9_2013.pdf}, author = {{\L}ukasz Wr{\'o}blewski} } @article {270, title = {Economic and Monetary Union crisis - reasons and existing solutions}, journal = {Institute for Western Affairs{\textquoteright} Bulletin}, volume = {74}, year = {2012}, abstract = {

The integration of the European Union (EU) Member States within the framework of the Economic and Monetary Union (EMU), as the forth out of five levels of economic integration developed by B. Balassa, is based on the irrevocable fixing of exchange rates and replacing national currencies with a single currency - the euro (see Balassa 1961). In consequence, the economic policy of the Member States is limited, because the monetary policy is controlled by the supranational institution of the European Central Bank. As a result, the EMU fundamentally represents the highest existing form of economic integration of the EU Member States.

}, keywords = {Economic and Monetary Union crisis, fiscal crisis, theory of optimum currency areas}, author = {{\L}ukasz Wr{\'o}blewski} } @article {272, title = {The geographic and economic peripherality of borderland regions}, journal = {Institute for Western Affairs{\textquoteright} Bulletin}, volume = {113}, year = {2012}, abstract = {

The literature concerning regional development policy, economic growth or transborder and Euroregional cooperation very often shows that borderland regions are defined as geographically and economically peripheral. However, the analysis of selected macroeconomic factors does not allow for a full confirmation of the stipulations found in literature. Therefore, it seems that it is not entirely correct to equate borderland regions with economic peripherality. The notion of peripherality should, therefore, be defined both through spatial factors, lying at the basis of geographic peripherality, and non-spatial factors. Consequently, economic growth at a regional level is dependent on whether and how a given region utilizes the factors of economic growth.

}, keywords = {borderland regions, geographic and economic peripherality, transborder and Euroregional cooperation}, author = {{\L}ukasz Wr{\'o}blewski} } @article {271, title = {Single European Market as an anti-crisis factor in the economic growth of the European Union}, journal = {Institute for Western Affairs{\textquoteright} Bulletin}, volume = {93}, year = {2012}, abstract = {

The economic crisis of 2008 revealed that many EU member states struggled with the problem of the lack of economic balance resulting from low macroeconomic stability, incompetent and unreasonable fiscal policy and too close relations between real economy and financial market. Moreover, an analysis of the previous functioning of the European Single Market (ESM) shows that its problems stem from the lack of adjustment to the current socio-economic reality. At the same time, these problems coincided with the 20th anniversary of its creation and the exposure of the most serious problems of the European economy by the financial and fiscal crisis. Taking action aimed at strengthening the internal market will not only help counteract the effects of the crisis, but also increase the competitiveness of the European economy. The European Union should realize that it is no longer the most competitive economy in the world.

}, keywords = {economic crisis, European integration, internal market, problems of the European Single Market, Single European Market, Single Market Act}, author = {{\L}ukasz Wr{\'o}blewski} } @article {267, title = {The strengthening of the Single European Market in the crisis circumstance}, journal = {Faculty of International Business and Economics Working Papers}, volume = {2}, year = {2012}, pages = {1-38}, keywords = {competitiveness, economic crisis, EU budget, EU institutions, EU Multiannual Financial Perspective 2007-2013, Europe2020 strategy, European integration, European Union, internal market, international economics, Multiannual Financial Framework 2014-2020, Single Market Act}, url = {http://www.ue.poznan.pl/att/DZIEK_GM/working_papers/Working_Paper_No2_2012.pdf}, author = {{\L}ukasz Wr{\'o}blewski and Musia{\l}kowska, Ida and Sapa{\l}a, Magdalena} } @article {268, title = {The strengthening of the Single European Market vs. the crisis}, journal = {Pozna{\'n} University of Economics Review}, volume = {2}, year = {2012}, pages = {74-106}, abstract = {

The economic crisis that erupted in 2008 has significantly influenced the European Union (EU) economy and the questions about the future of the European integration process arose. The crisis effects forced the European Union institutions and its Member States to undertake significant decisions and to draw recovery plans. Apart from the initiatives aimed at the economic policy coordination and financial markets supervision, the EU proposed and introduced important initiatives for the strengthening of competitiveness of the internal market. In November 2008 the European Commission in the communication on the recovery plan proposed the ways to support the real economy and competitiveness, to boost demand and restore confidence in the European economy. Then, in the course of 2008-2011 years, a broad range of legislative and non-legislative decisions have been taken by the European Commission and European Parliament in order to minimize the crisis consequences for the internal market, including the Single Market Act and the new European strategy Europe 2020. Moreover, additional amount of money coming from the EU budget was designed for spending on i.e. energy safety, development of broad-band internet in the rural areas or enterprise help within the Cohesion Policy, and the European Investment Bank designed 15 bn euro for credits and loans for the SMEs.

}, keywords = {competitiveness, economic crisis, EU budget, EU institutions, EU Multiannual Financial Perspective 2007-2013, Europe2020 strategy, European integration, European Union, internal market, international economics, Multiannual Financial Framework 2014-2020, Single Market Act}, url = {http://www.puereview.ue.poznan.pl/2012v12n2/4_Musialkowska_Sapala_Wroblewski.pdf}, author = {Musia{\l}kowska, Ida and Sapa{\l}a, Magdalena and {\L}ukasz Wr{\'o}blewski} } @article {274, title = {Wiedza i innowacje jako czynniki rozwoju regionalnego w {\'s}wietle wybranych teorii endogenicznego wzrostu gospodarczego}, journal = {Zeszyty Naukowe Uniwersytetu Szczeci{\'n}skiego. Problemy Zarz{\k a}dzania, Finans{\'o}w i Marketingu}, volume = {21}, year = {2012}, abstract = {

G{\l}{\'o}wnym za{\l}o{\.z}eniem artyku{\l}u jest w uj{\k e}cie wiedzy i innowacji jako czynnik{\'o}w rozwoju regionalnego w {\'s}wietle wybranych teorii endogenicznego wzrostu gospodarczego. W tym celu w pierwszej kolejno{\'s}ci dokonano systematyzacji definicji wiedzy i innowacji. Nast{\k e}pnie przeprowadzono analiz{\k e} por{\'o}wnawcz{\k a} koncepcji i modeli endogenicznego wzrostu gospodarczego, w kt{\'o}rych czynniki te odgrywaj{\k a} kluczow{\k a} rol{\k e} i s{\k a} definiowane jako zmienne endogeniczne. Takie uj{\k e}cie tematu pozwoli{\l}o na okre{\'s}lenie rzeczywistego wp{\l}ywu wiedzy i innowacji na regionalny rozw{\'o}j gospodarczy w odniesieniu do teoretycznego uj{\k e}cia tych czynnik{\'o}w w modelach endogenicznych.

}, keywords = {endogeniczne i egzogeniczne czynniki wzorstu gospodarczego, teoria wzrostu gospodarczego, wiedza i innowacje, wzrost gospodarczy}, author = {{\L}ukasz Wr{\'o}blewski} } @article {273, title = {Rynek wewn{\k e}trzny jako priorytet polskiej prezydencji w Radzie Unii Europejskiej}, journal = {Przegl{\k a}d Zachodni}, volume = {3/340}, year = {2011}, pages = {281-294}, abstract = {

The main purpose of the article is to indicate the biggest problems and barriers of the internal market, their elimination being of crucial importance to the economic development of the European Union. On the basis of key documents and reports the current level of development of the internal market is analyzed. The author also presents an assessment of hitherto activity of EU institutions and member states in view of intensifying the development of a Uniform European Market. However, it should not be expected that within the six months of Polish presidency of EU Council it will be possible to eliminate the major barriers and {\textquotedblleft}missing links{\textquotedblright} of UEM, since it is a long and highly complex process.

}, keywords = {Prezydencja Polski w Radzie Unii Europejskiej, rynek wewn{\k e}trzny}, url = {http://www.iz.poznan.pl/pz/pz/29_2011_3_streszczenia_ang.pdf}, author = {{\L}ukasz Wr{\'o}blewski} } @booklet {269, title = {Wp{\l}yw kryzysu gospodarczo-finansowego na przysz{\l}o{\'s}{\'c} Jednolitego Rynku}, year = {2011}, abstract = {

Kryzys gospodarczy z 2008 r. odbi{\l} si{\k e} na gospodarkach ca{\l}ego {\'s}wiata, dotykaj{\k a}c poszczeg{\'o}lne z nich w r{\'o}{\.z}nym stopniu. Skutki kryzysu widoczne do teraz nie pozosta{\l}y bez wp{\l}ywu na priorytety i decyzje gospodarcze podejmowane w ramach Unii Europejskiej. Obserwuj{\k a}c integracj{\k e} gospodarcz{\k a} nale{\.z}y przypomnie{\'c}, {\.z}e wprowadzenie wsp{\'o}lnego rynku w {\.z}ycie w 1993 r. jest konsekwencj{\k a} realizacji etap{\'o}w integracji gospodarczej, zaproponowanych w uj{\k e}ciu teoretycznym przez B. Balassa, kt{\'o}ry postulowa{\l} doj{\'s}cie poprzez rynek do unii gospodarczej i walutowej (UGiW) i w konsekwencji pe{\l}nej unii (unii politycznej). Z za{\l}o{\.z}enia {\.z}aden z etap{\'o}w wcze{\'s}niejszych nie eliminuje dorobku etap{\'o}w poprzednich, a osi{\k a}ganie nowych jest dodawaniem kolejnych wsp{\'o}lnych element{\'o}w i usuwaniem istniej{\k a}cych na dotychczasowym etapie barier. Wsp{\'o}lny rynek nie jest wolny od wielu barier w zakresie przep{\l}ywu towar{\'o}w, us{\l}ug, os{\'o}b, kapita{\l}u oraz przedsi{\k e}biorczo{\'s}ci. Ich usuwanie powinno pom{\'o}c funkcjonowa{\'c} w ramach UGiW i prowadzi{\'c} do wi{\k e}kszej harmonizacji i koordynacji polityki gospodarczej, a w szczeg{\'o}lno{\'s}ci polityki fiskalnej, w Unii Europejskiej. Jest to w UE element relatywnie s{\l}aby w por{\'o}wnaniu z polityk{\k a} monetarn{\k a}. Polityka monetarna jest scentralizowana w ramach Europejskiego Banku Centralnego (EBC) oraz Europejskiego Systemu Bank{\'o}w Centralnych (ESBC). Polityka fiskalna (polityka wydatk{\'o}w, inwestycji, podatkowa etc.) podlega zaledwie harmonizacji, np. w zakresie stawek podatk{\'o}w po{\'s}rednich VAT. Zgodnie z za{\l}o{\.z}eniami teorii optymalnych obszar{\'o}w walutowych proponowanych przez wielu ekonomist{\'o}w (por. R. Mundell, P.B. Kennen, R.J. McKinnon), to w{\l}a{\'s}nie polityka fiskalna powinna zosta{\'c} ujednolicona w pierwszej kolejno{\'s}ci, by potem stanowi{\'c} fundament dla prowadzenia polityki monetarnej. W Unii Europejskiej podj{\k e}to pr{\'o}b{\k e} odmiennego podej{\'s}cia do integracji gospodarczej, pozostawiaj{\k a}c w r{\k e}kach rz{\k a}d{\'o}w pa{\'n}stw cz{\l}onkowskich narz{\k e}dzia polityki fiskalnej. Decyzja ta, podyktowana odmienno{\'s}ci{\k a} poziomu rozwoju gospodarczego pa{\'n}stw, wydawa{\l}a si{\k e} by{\'c} racjonalna i umo{\.z}liwia{\l}a reakcj{\k e} polityk{\'o}w gospodarczych na zmiany koniunktury w r{\'o}{\.z}nych fazach cyklu gospodarczego {\textendash} z uwzgl{\k e}dnieniem recesji czy kryzysu. Za{\'s} d{\k a}{\.z}enie do wyr{\'o}wnywania poziomu rozwoju gospodarczego i spo{\l}ecznego jest jednym z cel{\'o}w w Unii Europejskiej. Jest warunkiem koniecznym procesu pog{\l}{\k e}biania integracji.

}, keywords = {kryzys gospodarczo-finansowy, Prezydencja Polski w Radzie Unii Europejskiej, rynek wewn{\k e}trzny}, url = {http://ww2.senat.pl/k7/agenda/wydarz/2011/oe-176.pdf}, author = {{\L}ukasz Wr{\'o}blewski and Musia{\l}kowska, I. and Sapa{\l}a, M.} } @article {275, title = {Polsko-niemiecko-szwedzka wsp{\'o}{\l}praca regionalna w latach 2007-2013 w Euroregionie Pomerania}, journal = {Przegl{\k a}d Zachodni}, volume = {3}, year = {2010}, pages = {192-200}, keywords = {Euroregion Pomerania, pogranicze polsko-niemiecki, wsp{\'o}{\l}praca transgraniczna}, author = {{\L}ukasz Wr{\'o}blewski} }