@inbook {4315, title = {How Covid-19 impacted the European integration processes? The case of EU Cohesion Policy and budget}, booktitle = {Towards the {\quotedblbase}new normal{\textquotedblright} after COVID-19 {\textendash} a post-transition economy perspective}, year = {2021}, pages = {30-43}, publisher = {Pozna{\'n} University of Economics and Business Press}, organization = {Pozna{\'n} University of Economics and Business Press}, edition = {Ewa Mi{\'n}ska-Struzik, Barbara Jankowska}, address = {Pozna{\'n}}, abstract = {

Purpose: The current pandemic crisis caused by Covid-19 significantly impacted the processes of European integration. The European Union decided to act within and beyond existing competences and instruments to support the efforts of its Member States, along with regional and local authorities, in the fight against Covid-19. Our study sheds light on the instruments and solutions proposed within the framework of the cohesion and budget policy to tackle the problems related to Covid-19 in Europe. The analysis focuses on two strands: 1) EU assistance offered through cohesion policy (CP) instruments toward above areas; 2) the future evolution of EU budget, and therefore integration shifts, provoked by the Covid-19 crisis.

Design/methodology/approach: The study analyzes statistical data with regard to the use of instruments of the Cohesion Policy under the Covid-19 pandemic, but also the amendments introduced to legal acts and decision-making processes that refer to the multiannual financial framework (MFF) for 2021{\textendash}2027.

Findings: We notice a strong shift of priorities regarding environment transformation, digitalization, and health protection, reflected in the MFF. The coordinative role of European institutions and the redirection of different financial instruments to health care follows the neofunctionalist paradigm and represents a spillover effect resulting from integration. The crisis analyzed from the institutional perspective is seen as a chance to reform the decision-making process, while on the other hand, as a threat to the inclusive integration of all Member States.

Originality and value: The paper is an original contribution on the overall use of both financial and legislative instruments in the times of unprecedented health and economic crisis caused by Covid-19 in the European Union. The text can be a valuable insight for both researchers and practitioners in the field of broadly understood European studies.

}, keywords = {Covid-19, EU budget, EU cohesion policy, European integration, multiannual financial framework}, doi = {DOI:10.18559/978-83-8211-061-6/I2}, url = {https://wydawnictwo.ue.poznan.pl/en/book.html?isbn=978-83-8211-060-9}, author = {Ida Musia{\l}kowska and Piotr Idczak} } @article {4284, title = {Integration Character of the CETA Agreement}, journal = {Acta Universitatis Lodziensis. Folia Oeconomica}, volume = {4}, year = {2018}, pages = {111-125}, abstract = {

One of\ the manifestations of\ economic globalisation seen in\ recent years is\ the so-called {\textquotedblleft}new generation{\textquotedblright} type of\ trade agreements such as\ the TPP, CETA and TTIP. They aim at\ trade liberali- sation, but their scope is\ broader, comprising other areas of\ socio-economic life, more or\ less directly linked to\ trade, such as\ e.g.: the liberalisation of\ public services, the mutual recognition of\ professional qualifications, the deregulation and liberalisation of\ financial markets, the protection of\ intellectual property rights, and the cooperation in\ creating new rules or\ protecting mutual investments. There- fore, the aim of\ this paper is\ to\ analyse the scope and content of\ the Comprehensive Economic and Trade Agreement (CETA) signed in\ 2016 by\ the European Union and Canada from the point of\ view of\ the Balassa stages of\ economic integration and the EU{\textquoteright}s experience in\ order to\ state whether the naming of\ such agreements as\ trade agreements, even with the {\textquotedblleft}new generation{\textquotedblright} qualification, is\ re- ally justified. The analysis presented in\ this paper leads to\ the conclusion that this agreement should rather be\ included in\ the category of\ agreements labelled as\ integration agreements. Most of\ the CETA provisions are at\ the same level of\ sophistication as\ was achieved by\ the EU countries at\ the stage of\ building the single market, that is, at\ the stage of\ the implementation of\ the common mar- ket in\ Balassa{\textquoteright}s nomenclature, and some of\ them are at\ the stage of\ economic and monetary union. The scope of\ the CETA, i.e. the number of\ areas of\ social and economic life regulated by\ it\ as\ well as\ their advancement and complexity, goes far beyond what is\ commonly understood as\ a\ trade agreement and beyond its official purpose\ {\textendash} the creation of\ a\ free trade area between the European Union and Canada. It\ leads to\ economic integration at\ a\ level far deeper than a\ free trade area in\ its classic and common sense.

}, keywords = {common market, economic integration, economic union, European integration, free trade area, regional integration, regional trade agreements, stages of economic integration, trade agreements, trade liberalisation}, author = {Magdalena {\'S}liwi{\'n}ska} } @article {1782, title = {Volume 14, Number 3, 2014 Poznan University of Economics Review }, year = {2014}, keywords = {commissioners, democratic deficit, European integration, European Union, internal market, law, multilingualism, political and cultural identities, politics, socialization}, isbn = {1643-5877}, url = {http://www.puereview.ue.poznan.pl/TocPage.php?Volume=14\&Number=3\&Year=2014}, author = {Ewa Ma{\l}uszy{\'n}ska and Grzegorz Mazur and Ida Musia{\l}kowska} } @article {2880, title = {Volume 14, Number 4, 2014 Poznan University of Economics Review}, year = {2014}, keywords = {Central Europe, companies, competitiveness, Croatia, enlargement, European integration, European Union, eurozone, export performance, firms, high-tech exports, iVisegrad group, mid-tech, new Member States, public debt, public goods, public policy, sustainability, Western Balkans}, url = {http://www.puereview.ue.poznan.pl/TocPage.php?Volume=14\&Number=4\&Year=2014}, author = {Ma{\l}uszy{\'n}ska, Ewa and Grzegorz Mazur and Ida Musia{\l}kowska} } @article {271, title = {Single European Market as an anti-crisis factor in the economic growth of the European Union}, journal = {Institute for Western Affairs{\textquoteright} Bulletin}, volume = {93}, year = {2012}, abstract = {

The economic crisis of 2008 revealed that many EU member states struggled with the problem of the lack of economic balance resulting from low macroeconomic stability, incompetent and unreasonable fiscal policy and too close relations between real economy and financial market. Moreover, an analysis of the previous functioning of the European Single Market (ESM) shows that its problems stem from the lack of adjustment to the current socio-economic reality. At the same time, these problems coincided with the 20th anniversary of its creation and the exposure of the most serious problems of the European economy by the financial and fiscal crisis. Taking action aimed at strengthening the internal market will not only help counteract the effects of the crisis, but also increase the competitiveness of the European economy. The European Union should realize that it is no longer the most competitive economy in the world.

}, keywords = {economic crisis, European integration, internal market, problems of the European Single Market, Single European Market, Single Market Act}, author = {{\L}ukasz Wr{\'o}blewski} } @article {267, title = {The strengthening of the Single European Market in the crisis circumstance}, journal = {Faculty of International Business and Economics Working Papers}, volume = {2}, year = {2012}, pages = {1-38}, keywords = {competitiveness, economic crisis, EU budget, EU institutions, EU Multiannual Financial Perspective 2007-2013, Europe2020 strategy, European integration, European Union, internal market, international economics, Multiannual Financial Framework 2014-2020, Single Market Act}, url = {http://www.ue.poznan.pl/att/DZIEK_GM/working_papers/Working_Paper_No2_2012.pdf}, author = {{\L}ukasz Wr{\'o}blewski and Musia{\l}kowska, Ida and Sapa{\l}a, Magdalena} } @article {268, title = {The strengthening of the Single European Market vs. the crisis}, journal = {Pozna{\'n} University of Economics Review}, volume = {2}, year = {2012}, pages = {74-106}, abstract = {

The economic crisis that erupted in 2008 has significantly influenced the European Union (EU) economy and the questions about the future of the European integration process arose. The crisis effects forced the European Union institutions and its Member States to undertake significant decisions and to draw recovery plans. Apart from the initiatives aimed at the economic policy coordination and financial markets supervision, the EU proposed and introduced important initiatives for the strengthening of competitiveness of the internal market. In November 2008 the European Commission in the communication on the recovery plan proposed the ways to support the real economy and competitiveness, to boost demand and restore confidence in the European economy. Then, in the course of 2008-2011 years, a broad range of legislative and non-legislative decisions have been taken by the European Commission and European Parliament in order to minimize the crisis consequences for the internal market, including the Single Market Act and the new European strategy Europe 2020. Moreover, additional amount of money coming from the EU budget was designed for spending on i.e. energy safety, development of broad-band internet in the rural areas or enterprise help within the Cohesion Policy, and the European Investment Bank designed 15 bn euro for credits and loans for the SMEs.

}, keywords = {competitiveness, economic crisis, EU budget, EU institutions, EU Multiannual Financial Perspective 2007-2013, Europe2020 strategy, European integration, European Union, internal market, international economics, Multiannual Financial Framework 2014-2020, Single Market Act}, url = {http://www.puereview.ue.poznan.pl/2012v12n2/4_Musialkowska_Sapala_Wroblewski.pdf}, author = {Musia{\l}kowska, Ida and Sapa{\l}a, Magdalena and {\L}ukasz Wr{\'o}blewski} }